What does the Space Shuttle use to land when returning to Earth ?
When the Space Shuttle returns to Earth, it uses a combination of three systems to land safely: the orbiter's aerodynamic properties, its delta wings, and a combination of brakes and parachutes.
1. Aerodynamic Properties: The Space Shuttle is shaped like an aircraft, with wings and a streamlined body. During re-entry, the orbiter experiences intense heat due to the friction of the Earth's atmosphere. The outer skin of the orbiter is covered with special heat-resistant tiles called Thermal Protection System (TPS) tiles, designed to shield it from the extreme temperatures.
2. Delta Wings: The Space Shuttle has large delta wings that help control its descent and provide lift during approach and landing. These wings allow the orbiter to glide through the atmosphere like an aircraft, even though it lacks traditional propulsion systems during re-entry and landing.
3. Brakes and Parachutes: As the Space Shuttle approaches the landing site, it relies on two main systems to slow down and come to a stop. First, it deploys a set of speed brakes, which are large panels located on the backside of the wings and the tail. These speed brakes create drag, helping to reduce the shuttle's speed. Secondly, the orbiter uses a combination of hydraulic brakes and a drag parachute to come to a complete stop once it touches down on the runway.
In summary, the Space Shuttle uses its aerodynamic properties, delta wings for controlled descent, speed brakes for slowing down, and a combination of hydraulic brakes and parachutes to safely land on a runway.