Can some one help me with this art question. write a summary comparing and contrasting the characteristics of Roman and Greek architecture in 200 to 300 words.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_ancient_Rome
You'll also find a link to Greek architecture in the first paragraph.
Certainly! When comparing and contrasting the characteristics of Roman and Greek architecture, there are several key points to consider.
To begin, it is important to note that Greek architecture flourished during the Classical period (5th and 4th centuries BC), while Roman architecture developed later during the Roman Republic and Empire (from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD).
Greek architecture was heavily influenced by the ideals of balance, harmony, and proportion. The Greeks placed great emphasis on symmetry, using mathematical ratios to create aesthetically pleasing structures. Their temples, such as the Parthenon in Athens, were designed with Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian orders, each with its distinct column style and ornamentation.
On the other hand, Roman architecture was more eclectic and incorporated elements from various cultures. They adopted and adapted Greek architectural principles, but also incorporated elements from Etruscan and Egyptian traditions. Roman architecture focused on grandeur, monumentality, and the expression of power. Structures like the Colosseum and the Pantheon display Roman innovation in engineering and construction techniques.
In terms of materials, both the Greeks and Romans used stone extensively. However, the Greeks preferred marble, which they carved with precision, while the Romans used a wider range of materials such as concrete, brick, and volcanic ash (pozzolana). This allowed the Romans to construct larger and more complex structures.
Another significant difference lies in the use of architectural orders. Greek architecture developed three main orders (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian), each with its own distinctive features. In contrast, the Romans expanded on these orders and introduced additional ones like the Tuscan and Composite orders. Roman architecture also employed arches, vaults, and domes, showcasing their advanced engineering skills.
In terms of purpose, Greek architecture primarily focused on religious and civic structures, such as temples and agora. Roman architecture, however, encompassed a wider range of functions, including government buildings, entertainment venues, and baths.
To summarize, Greek architecture prioritized harmony and proportion, while Roman architecture emphasized grandeur and power. Greek structures were primarily made of marble and featured the use of the classical orders, while Roman architecture employed a diverse range of materials and introduced new architectural features.
To gather more detailed information and expand upon these points, you can refer to architectural history books, academic articles, or websites dedicated to the study of ancient Greek and Roman architecture.