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The trees in a tropical rainforest are often over 100 feet tall. Together, the upper portions of the trees form a canopy of leaves and branches that block sunlight from reaching the ground.
The strangler fig has adapted a method of depositing its seeds on the branches of other trees. When one of these seeds sprouts, its stem and branches grow upward, eventually forming a new canopy that blocks sunlight from the host tree. The roots of the strangler fig wrap around the host tree and may eventually strangle the host tree.
The example described above demonstrates
and
competition
parasitism