Government: What was the structure and what were the main principles of each civilization's government? (greek an rome)
Ancient Greek government was structured as a direct democracy, where all eligible citizens participated in decision-making through voting in the assembly. Key principles of Greek government included the rule of law, equality before the law, and civic duty.
Ancient Roman government, on the other hand, was structured as a republic with a system of checks and balances. Power was divided between various branches of government, including the Senate, consuls, and tribunes. Key principles of Roman government included the concept of citizenship, the rule of law, and the protection of individual rights.
Arts: What contributions or achievements did each civilization make in visual art, science, architecture, literature, theater, and medicine? (greek an rome)
Ancient Greece made significant contributions to the arts, including visual art such as sculpture and pottery. Greek philosophers and scientists like Aristotle and Archimedes made notable advancements in the fields of science and mathematics. Greek architecture, particularly the development of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, influenced later Roman architecture. Greek literature included epic poems like the Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer, and drama by playwrights like Sophocles and Euripides. Greek theater, with its tragedies and comedies, also played a major role in influencing later theatrical traditions.
Ancient Rome made significant contributions in architecture, with advancements in the development of arches, vaults, and domes. Roman engineering feats like aqueducts and roads further demonstrated their architectural prowess. Roman literature included works such as epic poems like the Aeneid by Virgil, and the philosophical writings of Cicero and Seneca. Roman theater was influenced by Greek traditions but evolved to include more physical comedy and spectacle. In medicine, Roman physicians like Galen made significant advancements in anatomical knowledge and medical treatments.