Explain the conflicts in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
The conflicts in Bosnia-Herzegovina can be traced back to the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. The region was home to a complex mix of ethnic groups, including Bosniaks (Muslims), Serbs, and Croats, each with their own historical grievances and aspirations.
The main conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina was the Bosnian War, which lasted from 1992 to 1995. The war was primarily fought between Bosnian Serb forces, supported by Serbia, and the Bosnian government, which was primarily made up of Bosniaks and Croats. The conflict was characterized by ethnic cleansing, genocide, and widespread atrocities against civilians.
The Bosnian War ended in 1995 with the signing of the Dayton Accords, which divided Bosnia-Herzegovina into two entities: the Republika Srpska, which is predominantly Serb, and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is predominantly Bosniak and Croat. The Dayton Accords also established a central government with a rotating presidency that includes representatives from each of the three main ethnic groups.
Despite the end of the war, tensions and conflicts continue to simmer in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Issues such as political corruption, economic stagnation, and the slow pace of reconciliation have hindered the country's progress towards stability and prosperity. Additionally, nationalist sentiments and political divisions among the ethnic groups continue to pose challenges to the country's efforts to build a unified, multi-ethnic society.