Which of the following contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance?
1. The fall of Constantinople in 1453, which led to an influx of Greek scholars and texts into Europe.
2. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century, which made books more easily accessible.
3. The rediscovery of classical texts, artworks, and ideas from ancient Greece and Rome.
4. The patronage of wealthy and powerful individuals, such as the Medici family in Florence, who supported artists, writers, and scholars.
5. The development of humanism, a cultural and intellectual movement that emphasized the potential and achievements of human beings.