At its most basic, what is “beating” or "tacking" in sailing?

"Beating" or "tacking" in sailing refers to the process of sailing against the wind by zigzagging back and forth in order to make progress in the desired direction. This involves sailing at an angle to the wind on one tack, then changing direction and sailing on the opposite tack to make progress towards the destination. This maneuver allows sailors to effectively sail upwind.