The Tibetans and Han Chinese share several genetic traits and DNA. However, the EPAS1 gene, which increases the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen even in low oxygen environments, is only commonly found in the Tibetan population that live in higher elevations. Explain why this gene is only common in Tibetan populations from the perspective of competitive advantage and natural selection. Write your answer in three to five sentences.(4 points)
The EPAS1 gene provides a competitive advantage to Tibetans living at high altitudes by allowing them to adapt better to the low oxygen levels. This gene allows for more efficient oxygen delivery to tissues, giving Tibetans an edge in surviving and thriving in their high-altitude environment. Over time, natural selection favored those individuals with the EPAS1 gene, leading to its higher prevalence in the Tibetan population compared to Han Chinese. This illustrates how genetic adaptations can arise and become common in a population due to the pressures of their environment.
