Explain the effect of the Southern Alps on the climate east of the mountains
A. Their snow and ice have a chilling effect, keeping the central and eastern areas cool and wet
B. They divert precipitation into the east area creating monsoon conditions
C. They act as a barrier, protecting the area east from the prevailing west winds
D. Their presence intensifies the speed of the roaring forties
C. They act as a barrier, protecting the area east from the prevailing west winds
The Southern Alps act as a barrier to the prevailing westerly winds coming off the Tasman Sea. As the moist air is forced to rise over the mountains, it cools and condenses, leading to increased precipitation on the western side of the mountains. This creates a rain shadow effect on the eastern side of the mountains, resulting in drier and sunnier conditions. The presence of the mountains also blocks some of the moisture-laden air from reaching the eastern areas, contributing to a drier climate overall.