What causes the urge to urinate?

stretch receptors in the bladder wall

pressure on the liver as the bladder expands

osmosis as the bladder becomes saturated with moisture

tension as the ureter is filled with urine

As the bladder fills with urine, stretch receptors in the bladder wall send signals to the brain, indicating that the bladder is full and creating the urge to urinate. This is the main cause of the urge to urinate.