Question 2
The blood circulatory system consists of small tubular structures responsible for carrying blood
known as blood vessels. Some intercellular fluid (tissue fluid), however does not re-enter
capillaries or veins directly, is picked up by thin-walled blind ended lymph vessels.
Outline the functions and position of the structural components, i.e. vessels, tissues and organs
involved in draining of lymph into the blood.
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, immune function, and nutrient absorption in the body. The main components involved in draining lymph into the blood include:
1. Lymph vessels: Lymph vessels are thin-walled tubes that carry lymph, a clear fluid containing white blood cells, proteins, and fats, throughout the body. They are similar to blood vessels but have specialized valves that prevent the backflow of lymph. Lymph vessels are present in almost all tissues in the body and eventually converge to form larger lymphatic vessels.
2. Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures located along the lymphatic vessels. They filter lymph to remove pathogens, dead cells, and other debris, and help activate the immune response. Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune system.
3. Thoracic duct: The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, responsible for draining lymph from the lower body, left side of the head, neck, and upper limb into the blood circulation. It empties into the left subclavian vein, which is located near the collarbone.
4. Right lymphatic duct: The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right side of the head, neck, and upper limb into the blood circulation. It empties into the right subclavian vein.
5. Spleen: The spleen is an organ located in the left upper abdomen, near the stomach. It acts as a reservoir for blood and contains specialized white blood cells called macrophages, which help remove old or damaged red blood cells and pathogens from the bloodstream. The spleen also plays a role in immune responses and stores platelets.
These structural components work together to drain lymph into the blood, helping maintain fluid balance, remove waste and toxins, and support the immune system in the body.