1. What main idea would be described by these headlines?
A “Massive Factory Fire Kills 150”
B. “2 Million Child Workers”
C. “Pullman Cuts Wages”
D. “Carnegie Buys New Machines- Jobs Loss”
the need for strikebreakers
the Gospel of Wealth
Social Darwinism
the need for labor unions
2. Which titan is correctly matched with his industry? (1 point)
J. Pierpont Morgan > Oil
Andrew Carnegie > Steel
John D. Rockefeller > Banking
John Sherman > Oil
3. Why did Southern states use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as Reconstruction came to an end?
to maintain Republican control of state governments
to keep poor white Southerners from voting
to keep African Americans from voting
to ensure voters would remain loyal to the Union
4. Radical Republicans had two main goals. First, they wanted to break the power of wealthy planters who had long ruled the South. Second, they wanted to ensure that freedmen received the right to vote. They used legislative reforms, or changes in laws, to achieve their goals.
Which of the following is an example of how Radical Republicans sought to achieve their goals?
denying wealthy planters the right to vote
working to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment
developing a speedy process to readmit southern states
ensuring that African Americans could outvote their former owners
In the text, you read this about the development of railroads:
Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. Miners sweated in dusty mine shafts digging coal to fuel railroad engines. The railroad companies themselves employed thousands of workers. They laid tracks, built trestles across rivers, carved tunnels through mountains, and built countless railroad stations.
The large railroads also pioneered new ways of managing business. Rail companies created special departments for shipping and accounting and for servicing equipment. Expert managers headed each department, while chains of command ensured that the organization ran smoothly. Other big businesses soon copied these management techniques.
Use the passage to answer the question.
5. Why would it be important for railroads to use strong management techniques?
to ensure a complex business ran smoothly
to create more growth in other industries
to continue to employ thousands of people
to create more railways across the country
6. Which factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership?
wheat prices declined
spikes in railroad prices
variances in freight costs
farms faced severe drought
7. Why did conflict erupt between President Johnson and Congress after Lincoln’s assassination?
Southern Congressmen agreed with President Johnson's Radical Reconstruction Plan.
Republicans disagreed with President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan.
Southern conservatives enacted the black codes against Congress’ wishes.
Neither Congress nor the President wanted a Joint Committee on Reconstruction to dictate the plan.
The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefold—from 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. Many were recent immigrants.
My folks came to the United States from Sweden in 1866; landed in New York, then came to Omaha. When they got to Omaha they had $5.00 in American money, no job, and couldn't speak a word of English….Then they both got work on the new Union Pacific railroad from Omaha to Laramie City. Father worked on the road and mother cooked and washed for twenty-two men, for nine months; when they got back to Omaha they had $900.00 saved up.
-"Mrs. Will H. Berger" November 21, 1938. Interviewer, Edna B Pearson, American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1940
Use the passage to answer the question.
8. Based on the account of Mrs. Berger, how did the transcontinental railroads impact the West?
The railroads provided jobs for settlers.
The railroads provided homes for employees.
The railroads made Omaha an industrial center.
The railroads helped immigrants learn English.
9. What was the goal of the reformers who wanted to help Native Americans in the late 1800s?
to return the land that was taken away from the Native Americans
to encourage Native Americans to adopt the ways of Americans
to relocate all the Native Americans to one reservation in a western state
to negotiate treaties to ensure peace in the west
(Image: A black and white photograph shows two men working on an early car frame in a line of cars.)
Use the image to answer the question.
10. Which innovation does the photograph illustrate? (1 point)
labor strike
power plant
Bessemer process
assembly line
In the text, you read this about ranching after the Civil War:
Ranchers employed cowhands to tend their cattle and drive herds to market. These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. They kept the cattle moving and rounded up strays. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. However, it is estimated that nearly one in three cowhands was either Mexican American or African American. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own.
Use the passage to answer the question.
11. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers?
During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads.
After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work.
In the 1850s, many free African Americans from the north became ranchers.
During Reconstruction, African American politicians promoted ranching.
I am tired of fighting . . . It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead.
—"I Will Fight No More Forever": Chief Joseph
Use the passage to answer the question.
12. What event in the history of the West in the late 1800s prompted Chief Joseph to give this speech?
the expansion of buffalo hunting by American Indians like the Nez Percé
the death of Sitting Bull, an important Lakota leader
the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops
the Ghost Dance, a new American Indian religious ceremony
Year Price
1908 $825
1927 $290
Use the chart to answer the question.
13. Which factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile?
low deman
organized labor
mass production
wartime inflation
14. How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation?
His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster.
His development of the sleeping car made railroad travel much more comfortable.
His invention of the steam engine made railroad travel faster and more affordable.
His creation of a railroad network helped make railroad travel more efficient.
His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster.
Answer all of them
1. The main idea described by these headlines is the need for labor unions.
2. Andrew Carnegie is correctly matched with his industry (Steel).
3. Southern states used poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as Reconstruction came to an end to keep African Americans from voting.
4. An example of how Radical Republicans sought to achieve their goals was working to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
5. It would be important for railroads to use strong management techniques to ensure a complex business ran smoothly.
6. A decline in Grange membership was most likely caused by spikes in railroad prices.
7. Conflict erupted between President Johnson and Congress after Lincoln's assassination because Republicans disagreed with President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan.
8. Based on the account of Mrs. Berger, the transcontinental railroads impacted the West by providing jobs for settlers.
9. The goal of the reformers who wanted to help Native Americans in the late 1800s was to relocate all the Native Americans to one reservation in a western state.
10. The innovation illustrated in the photograph is an assembly line.
11. Recent events might have led to many African Americans working for ranchers because after the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work.
12. Chief Joseph gave the speech "I Will Fight No More Forever" after the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops.
13. Mass production best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile.
14. George Westinghouse contributed to railroad transportation by his invention of air brakes, which made railroad travel safer and faster.