Which fact would make you think that a source, such as a newspaper or website, is reliable?(1 point)
Responses
Everything the source says sounds very logical and is professionally presented.
Everything the source says sounds very logical and is professionally presented.
The information it provides is found in many other different sources as well.
The information it provides is found in many other different sources as well.
Many people respond positively to the information.
Many people respond positively to the information.
The information stays on track and focuses on the point it is trying to make.
The information it provides is found in many other different sources as well.
In a hypothetical scenario, two studies published in reputable medical journals investigated the safety of X-rays as applied by medical communities in different countries. Compare details of the studies. What is the most accurate conclusion you can make with this comparison, and what would be the best next step for researchers to take?
Study A: Completed in 1970, compared 8 countries/12,000 administered X-rays, found potential risks in patients having 2 or more X-rays per year.
Study B: Completed in 2018, compared 8 countries/5,000 administered X-rays, found no risks in patients having 5 or fewer X-rays per year.
(1 point)
.Neither study can be considered valid because the number of participants in each is likely too small. Other, larger studies should be evaluated.
Neither study can be considered valid because the number of participants in each is likely too small. Other, larger studies should be evaluated.
Both studies appear reliable and valid, but Study A is old, so conclusions of Study B are more likely accurate. Study B should expand to increase the number of X-rays.
Both studies appear reliable and valid, but Study A is old, so conclusions of Study B are more likely accurate. Study B should expand to increase the number of X-rays.
Conclusions from Study A are likely more accurate because the number of X-rays administered in Study B is too small. Study B needs to be expanded.
Conclusions from Study A are likely more accurate because the number of X-rays administered in Study B is too small. Study B needs to be expanded.
Both studies appear to be reliable and valid, so it is impossible to make conclusions. An additional study that uses a similar approach should be evaluated.
Both studies appear reliable and valid, but Study A is old, so conclusions of Study B are more likely accurate. Study B should expand to increase the number of X-rays.
Carol is conducting some online research to choose an effective sunscreen. She is leaning toward buying Brand A because it is highly reviewed on a website that highlights consumer values. Brand B is far more expensive, but receives much better reviews than Brand A on the website of a skin cancer organization. Which statement best describes the comparison Carol is making?(1 point)
Responses
The consumer website likely does not feature valid and reliable information, so only the skin cancer site should be trusted.
The consumer website likely does not feature valid and reliable information, so only the skin cancer site should be trusted.
Both of the websites may provide valid information, but the skin cancer information would be far more reliable for evaluating sunscreen effectiveness.
Both of the websites may provide valid information, but the skin cancer information would be far more reliable for evaluating sunscreen effectiveness.
The website of the skin cancer organization could likely be selling products, so Carol should consider the consumer website’s information to be more reliable.
The website of the skin cancer organization could likely be selling products, so Carol should consider the consumer website’s information to be more reliable.
Neither website is likely a source of valid and reliable information, so Carol should check with her doctor.
Both of the websites may provide valid information, but the skin cancer information would be far more reliable for evaluating sunscreen effectiveness.
When we use the term "pseudoscience" to describe information, what is the evaluation that we are making?(1 point)
Responses
The information is not put together logically, so it lacks reliability.
The information is not put together logically, so it lacks reliability.
The information is not based on repeated observations, so it lacks validity.
The information is not based on repeated observations, so it lacks validity.
The information does not fit with other scientific beliefs, so it lacks validity.
The information does not fit with other scientific beliefs, so it lacks validity.
The information has a lot of bias, so it lacks reliability.
The information is not based on repeated observations, so it lacks validity.
A new procedure is discovered for administering gamma-ray cancer treatments more safely. After it is reported, other studies are completed that are also able to produce the same results. What do these new studies mean for the procedure?(1 point)
Responses
The procedure has a high validity.
The procedure has a high validity.
The procedure appears to be reliable.
The procedure appears to be reliable.
The procedure is precise.
The procedure is precise.
The procedure is becoming popular.