by paying attention to the actions and words of the characters in a story. If a character says or does something that reveals information unknown to them but known to the audience, that can be a clue that dramatic irony is at play. Additionally, if the audience is aware of a situation or outcome that a character is unaware of, that can also be a hint that dramatic irony is being used in the story. Observing these subtle clues and contradictions can help uncover instances of dramatic irony in a narrative.
