Tom wants to know the average number of musical instruments students in his school play he used the schools to band classes consisting of a total of 48 students as his representative sample he concluded that students in his school play an average of three musical instruments is his conclusion valid

Since Tom only used the students in the school band classes as his sample, his conclusion may not be valid for all students in the school. The students in band classes may have a higher likelihood of playing multiple instruments compared to students not in band classes. To make a more accurate conclusion about the average number of musical instruments students play in the school, Tom should randomly sample students from all grades and classes.