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Why does a siren have a higher pitch as it approaches you?

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The period of the sound wave is increased.
The period of the sound wave is increased.

The amplitude of the sound wave is increased.
The amplitude of the sound wave is increased.

The crests of the sound wave are spaced closer together.
The crests of the sound wave are spaced closer together.

The troughs of the sound wave are farther apart.

The pitch of a siren increases as it approaches you because the frequency of the sound waves is increased. The closer the source of the sound is to you, the shorter the distance between the crests of the sound waves that reach your ear, causing the pitch to appear higher. This phenomenon is known as the Doppler effect.