Broadly speaking, politics is an essentially contested concept. Explore what this means by analysing how the four different definitions of politics focus on different aspects of what is conventionally considered politics.
In addition, illustrate the above by identifying which aspects of politics from the four definitions are at play in one of the following contemporary conflicts :Israel- Palestine and include references
The concept of politics being essentially contested means that there are different interpretations and understandings of what politics actually entails. This is due to the fact that politics is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that encompasses various aspects of human society and interactions. The four different definitions of politics highlight different aspects of what is conventionally considered politics, leading to differing understandings of the concept.
The first definition of politics focuses on power and authority, viewing politics as the process through which power is exercised and decisions are made. This perspective emphasizes the role of governments, institutions, and laws in shaping political processes and outcomes. In the context of the Israel-Palestine conflict, the struggle for power and control over territory and resources is a central aspect of the conflict. The Israeli government's policies and actions, as well as Palestinian resistance movements, can be seen as examples of how power dynamics play out in this conflict.
The second definition of politics emphasizes conflict and competition, portraying politics as a struggle for influence and control between competing groups or interests. This perspective highlights the role of ideology, identity, and interests in shaping political behavior and outcomes. In the Israel-Palestine conflict, competing narratives and demands from both sides contribute to ongoing tensions and challenges to finding a resolution. The clash between Israeli and Palestinian national aspirations and the competition for legitimacy and recognition are key features of this conflict.
The third definition of politics focuses on the distribution of resources and benefits, viewing politics as the allocation of scarce resources and the negotiation of interests and priorities. This perspective emphasizes the role of economic, social, and cultural factors in shaping political decisions and outcomes. In the context of the Israel-Palestine conflict, issues related to land, water, infrastructure, and economic development are central to the conflict. The unequal distribution of resources and access to opportunities for Israelis and Palestinians contributes to social and economic inequalities that fuel tensions and grievances.
The fourth definition of politics highlights the role of values and norms, viewing politics as a process of deliberation, negotiation, and compromise based on shared principles and beliefs. This perspective emphasizes the importance of ethics, justice, and human rights in shaping political decisions and actions. In the Israel-Palestine conflict, debates over the right to self-determination, the rule of law, and the protection of human rights are central to the conflict. The role of international laws and norms, as well as the pursuit of peace and reconciliation, are key aspects of efforts to address the root causes of the conflict and achieve a just and lasting solution.
In conclusion, the essentially contested nature of politics means that different definitions highlight different aspects of what is conventionally considered politics. By analyzing the different definitions in the context of the Israel-Palestine conflict, it is clear that power dynamics, conflict and competition, resource distribution, and values and norms all play a role in shaping the dynamics of this complex and protracted conflict. References:
- Allen, T. (2009). Conflict in the Middle East. Abingdon, England: Routledge.
- Lustick, I. S. (2014). Israel's dangerous obsession with demographics. Foreign Policy.
- Said, E. W. (1999). The question of Palestine. Vintage.