How did Kettlewell directly study the moths?

Kettlewell directly studied the moths by observing them in their natural habitat and conducting experiments in the field. He marked moths with different colored tags to track their movements and behavior, and also conducted experiments where he placed moths on tree trunks of different colors to see how they would camouflage themselves. Additionally, Kettlewell collected and released moths in different environments to study their survival rates in relation to predation by birds.