1. Explain the difference between Type I and Type II diabetes.
2. What is a healthy blood-glucose level for an average adult?
3. What are symptoms of low blood-sugar levels?
4. What are symptoms of high blood-sugar levels?
5. How do patients with diabetes monitor sugar/insulin levels regularly?
6. What is the treatment pathway for a patient with Type I diabetes?
7. What is the treatment pathway for a patient with Type II diabetes?
8. Describe the progression of the disease and the life expectancy of a patient with diabetes?
9. Identify prevention methods for Type I diabetes.
10. Identify prevention methods for Type II diabetes.
1. Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin production. Type II diabetes, on the other hand, is a metabolic disorder in which the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin to properly regulate blood sugar levels.
2. A healthy blood-glucose level for an average adult is typically between 80-120 mg/dL when fasting and below 180 mg/dL after meals.
3. Symptoms of low blood-sugar levels, also known as hypoglycemia, include shakiness, nervousness, sweating, confusion, dizziness, hunger, and weakness.
4. Symptoms of high blood-sugar levels, also known as hyperglycemia, include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds.
5. Patients with diabetes can monitor their blood sugar levels regularly using blood glucose meters, continuous glucose monitors, and regular blood tests at a healthcare provider's office.
6. The treatment pathway for a patient with Type I diabetes typically involves daily insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump, monitoring blood sugar levels regularly, maintaining a healthy diet, and regular exercise.
7. The treatment pathway for a patient with Type II diabetes may involve lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, weight loss, and possibly oral medications or insulin therapy.
8. The progression of diabetes can lead to complications such as heart disease, kidney disease, nerve damage, and vision loss. Life expectancy for patients with diabetes may be reduced compared to individuals without the condition, but with proper management and control of blood sugar levels, complications can be delayed or prevented.
9. Prevention methods for Type I diabetes are not fully understood, as it is believed to be primarily genetic. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding exposure to harmful environmental factors may help reduce the risk.
10. Prevention methods for Type II diabetes include maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, staying physically active, avoiding sugary beverages, and getting regular check-ups with a healthcare provider.