Draw simple diagrams to show how electrons are arranged in the following covalent molecules.
(a) CaO
(b)H2O
(c)CL2
(a) CaO
- Calcium oxide (CaO) has a covalent bond between calcium and oxygen atoms.
- The diagram would show Calcium with 2 valence electrons bonding with Oxygen with 6 valence electrons.
- The shared pair of electrons will create a stable molecule.
(b) H2O
- Water (H2O) has covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
- The diagram would show Oxygen with 6 valence electrons bonding with Hydrogen with 1 valence electron each.
- Each hydrogen atom shares its electron with oxygen to complete its outer shell, resulting in a stable molecule.
(c) Cl2
- Chlorine gas (Cl2) consists of covalent bonds between two chlorine atoms.
- The diagram would show each Chlorine atom with 7 valence electrons, sharing a pair of electrons to complete their outer shells and form a stable molecule.