The function g(x) = (x2)². The function f(x) = g(x) + 3.

The function f(x) is shifted horizontally
2 units to the right of g(x).
2 units to the left of g(x)
The function f(x) is shifted vertically
3 units up from g(x).
3 units down from g(x)
Why would it go up or down

The function f(x) is shifted vertically 3 units up from g(x) because the constant term, 3, added to g(x) in the function f(x) causes the graph to shift upwards by 3 units. Conversely, the function f(x) is shifted vertically 3 units down from g(x) because the constant term, -3, subtracted from g(x) in the function f(x) causes the graph to shift downwards by 3 units.