Explain three sexuality theory and provide practical examples for each
1. Social constrationist theory
2. Evolutionary theory
3. Social exchange theory
1. Social constructionist theory: This theory posits that concepts of sexuality are socially constructed and vary across different cultures and historical periods. This theory emphasizes the role of social factors such as norms, beliefs, and customs in shaping individual sexual behavior and identities. For example, the idea of what is considered "appropriate" sexuality can vary greatly from culture to culture. One example could be the acceptance of polyamorous relationships in some societies but not in others.
2. Evolutionary theory: This theory suggests that human sexuality is influenced by evolution and serves certain biological purposes such as reproduction and survival. Evolutionary theory explains behaviors such as mate selection, competition for resources, and parental investment in offspring. An example of evolutionary theory in practice is the concept of sexual selection, where males and females may have different mating strategies based on their reproductive goals. For instance, males may seek multiple sexual partners to increase the likelihood of passing on their genes, while females may be more selective in choosing a mate to ensure the survival of their offspring.
3. Social exchange theory: This theory posits that individuals engage in sexual relationships based on the expectation of receiving benefits and minimizing costs. This theory emphasizes the idea of reciprocity and mutual dependence in relationships. Practical examples of social exchange theory could include the concept of "sexual economics," where individuals may engage in sexual behavior in exchange for material goods or social status. Another example could be the negotiation of sexual boundaries within a relationship based on what each partner perceives as fair and equitable.