explain why governments provide environmental protection. Include the concepts of public services and the free-rider problem in your answer
Governments provide environmental protection for several reasons. Firstly, it is the government's responsibility to protect the common good and public services such as clean air, water, and land are essential for the well-being of all citizens. By ensuring the protection of the environment, the government is also safeguarding the health and safety of its citizens.
Additionally, without government intervention, there is a risk of the free-rider problem occurring. This is when individuals and businesses benefit from environmental protection measures without having to pay for them. For example, a factory may pollute the air without facing any consequences, while other businesses that invest in cleaner practices bear the costs of environmental protection. This leads to an imbalance and unfairness in the market.
Furthermore, environmental issues such as pollution, deforestation, and climate change often have long-term and cumulative effects that individuals and businesses may not be incentivized to address on their own. Governments have the authority and resources to implement regulations, policies, and incentives that promote sustainable practices and mitigate environmental harm.
In conclusion, governments provide environmental protection to uphold public services, prevent the free-rider problem, and address environmental challenges that require collective action. By doing so, they can ensure the preservation of the environment for current and future generations.