Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy): During this stage, infants learn to trust or mistrust the world based on how their needs are met by their caregivers.
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddlerhood): Children begin to assert their independence and develop a sense of autonomy during this stage, but may experience feelings of shame and doubt if they are overly criticized or controlled.
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool): Children begin to take initiative and explore their environment, but may feel guilty if they are made to feel too anxious or irresponsible.
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age): Children learn to be industrious and develop a sense of competence and self-esteem through their accomplishments, but may feel inferior if they are unable to meet societal expectations.
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence): Adolescents explore their identity and develop a sense of self, but may experience confusion and uncertainty about their roles and future.
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood): Young adults seek intimacy and close relationships with others, but may experience feelings of loneliness and isolation if they are unable to form meaningful connections.
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood): Adults strive to contribute to society and future generations through work, parenting, and community involvement, but may feel stagnant and unproductive if they are unable to find fulfilment in these areas.
8. Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood): Older adults reflect on their lives and come to terms with their accomplishments and failures, either feeling a sense of integrity and acceptance or despair and regret.