Groundwater is the water that is found beneath the Earth's surface in saturated soil and rock layers called aquifers. It is typically accessed through wells and provides a constant and reliable source of water.
Groundwater plays a crucial role in supplying water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes. It also helps to sustain rivers, lakes, and wetlands by providing a base flow of water during dry periods. Groundwater is replenished through the process of infiltration, where water from precipitation seeps into the ground and refills the aquifers.
However, groundwater is not an unlimited resource and can be depleted through over-extraction or contamination. Over-pumping of groundwater can lead to land subsidence, saltwater intrusion, and the drying up of wells. Contamination of groundwater can occur from various sources, including industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and leaking underground storage tanks.
Therefore, it is important to manage groundwater resources sustainably to ensure their long-term availability. This includes monitoring water levels, implementing water conservation practices, and protecting groundwater from pollution. By safeguarding and properly managing groundwater resources, we can ensure a reliable source of clean water for future generations.