1. Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus)
2. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
3. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
4. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides)
5. Ferns (such as Pteris vittata)
6. Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)
7. Bamboo (Bambusoideae)
8. Cattails (Typha spp.)
9. Willows (Salix spp.)
10. French marigold (Tagetes patula)
Those plants are used for heavy metals uptakes..what are their gaps to improve more for future research studies for each plants
1. Sunflowers: Further research is needed to understand the genetic factors that contribute to their ability to uptake heavy metals, as well as how environmental factors may affect their efficiency in this process.
2. Indian mustard: There is a need to explore the mechanisms by which Indian mustard can hyperaccumulate heavy metals, as well as optimize growing conditions to maximize its metal uptake capabilities.
3. Water hyacinth: More studies are required to determine the specific heavy metal uptake mechanisms of water hyacinth, including the role of symbiotic bacteria in this process.
4. Vetiver grass: Research is needed to identify the specific mechanisms by which vetiver grass uptakes heavy metals, as well as to optimize its growth conditions for improved metal removal efficiency.
5. Ferns: Further investigation is required to understand the genetic and physiological basis for heavy metal uptake in ferns, as well as to explore the potential for using different fern species for phytoremediation purposes.
6. Kale: Additional studies are needed to determine the factors influencing heavy metal uptake in kale, such as soil composition and nutrient availability, as well as to optimize its performance for phytoremediation applications.
7. Bamboo: Research is needed to investigate the heavy metal uptake capabilities of different bamboo species, as well as to explore the potential for using bamboo in combination with other plants for enhanced phytoremediation.
8. Cattails: Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms by which cattails uptake heavy metals, as well as to optimize their growth conditions for increased metal removal efficiency.
9. Willows: More research is needed to understand the mechanisms of heavy metal uptake in willows, as well as to explore the potential for using different willow species for phytoremediation purposes.
10. French marigold: Additional studies are needed to investigate the factors influencing heavy metal uptake in French marigolds, as well as to optimize their performance for phytoremediation applications.