Which of the following was a cause of September 11th Terror attacks by Al qaeda

1. Al Qaeda's long-standing grievances against the United States and its foreign policies

2. The presence of American military forces in Saudi Arabia
3. The US support for Israel and its policies towards Palestine
4. The US military intervention in the Middle East, particularly in Afghanistan and Iraq
5. Osama bin Laden's desire to spark a global wave of Islamic extremism against the West