Read the excerpt from an 1893 book describing the settlement of Australia and New Zealand.
"It is not necessary here to follow the complicated history of New Zealand in later years, which unfortunately comprises [includes] several bloody wars with the Maoris.
The present prosperous condition of this great colony is well known, but it has not been effected without the rapid diminution [decrease in number] of the natives, who have met with the fate of most aborigines in contact with Europeans, especially when the former were naturally bold and warlike."
—Notes on Captain Cook's Journal
Which statement is best supported by the excerpt?
(1 point)
• The British attempt to wipe out the Maori was successful.
• The Maori suffered a loss of population and decline in power.
• The British had little trouble conquering and colonizing New Zealand.
• The Maori population gradually declined after Britain colonized New Zealand.
The Maori suffered a loss of population and decline in power.
What can you infer from the cause and effect chart below?
Causes and Effects of British Colonization of Australia
CAUSES
• Great Britain wants to expand trade opportunities.
• Britain needs land for a penal colony.
• British find Australia is home to gold, fertile soil, and other resources.
EVENT
Europeans begin settling in Australia.
Iten
Iter
Ite
It
EFFECTS
• Aborigines are driven off their land.
• Aborigines and European settlers begin fighting.
• Aborigines are forced to assimilate, and children are taken from their families.
• British prisoners find new opportunities as settlers.
• British profit from wool production.
• British profit from the discovery of gold.
(1 point)
• The native people of Australia successfully resisted European colonization efforts.
• European interests led to destruction of native cultures in Australia.
• The positives of European colonization outweighed the negatives in Australia.
• All of these statements are true.
European interests led to destruction of native cultures in Australia.
Read the chart. Which of the following is not true about the Pacific region?
Comparing Areas of the Pacific Region
Australia/New Zealand
Both Areas
Other Pacific Islands
• Large islands
• Former British colonies
• Most people live in urban settings
• Majority descended from
British or Irish people
• Parliamentary democracies, head of state is British monarch
• Strong mixed economies
• Part of an isolated region far from other parts of the world
• Settled through waves of migration
• Affected by European colonization
• Aboriginal and European cultural influences
• Affected by environmental challenges
• Small islands
• Former colonies of Britain, Germany.
France, and the United States
• Most people live in rural settings
• Majority descended from indigenous people
• Variety of governments, including
U.S. dependencies
• Economies dependent on a single resource or tourism
(1 point)
• Australia and New Zealand have weaker economies than other Pacific Islands.
• Many different cultures have inhabited the Pacific region.
• Australia and New Zealand have more cities than the other Pacific Islands.
• There are many forms of government used in the Pacific Islands.
Australia and New Zealand have weaker economies than other Pacific Islands.
According to the chart, which statement is true?
European Colonization of Australia and the Pacific
Colony
Colonized by
Year
Colonized
Year
Independent
Australia
Britain
1788
1901
New Zealand
Britain
1840
1907
French Polynesia
France
1842
Never
Fiji
Britain
1874
1970
Vanuatu
Jointly by Britain and France
1887
1977
Solomon Islands
Britain
1893
1978
Papua New Guinea
Germany, Britain, Australia
1899, 1906, 1921
1975
Tonga
Britain
1900
1970
Source: Encyciopaedia Britannica
(1 point)
• No European nations hold territory in the Pacific today.
• All colonies were established during the nineteenth century.
• All colonies became independent during the twentieth century.
• Australia was the only former colony to form its own colony.