Answer all 13 of the questions.
1. Describe the three types of muscle tissues and where they are found. There are
several questions on the test that will be answered with this information.
2. Describe the four stages of the sliding filament theory.
3. What do the following latin terms mean when talking about muscles:major,
maximus, medius, minor, minimus, longus, brevis, latissimus, longissimus,
magnus, and vastus.
4. Which cells link the muscular system to the nerve system?
5. Your friend Estaban says he has a “visceral” reaction to seeing a dead insect.
What does this mean?
6. Define the following: sarcomere, neurotransmitter, motor neuron, and
myofibril. Determine if they are chemicals, fibers or cells.
7. Compare sarcomere, myofilaments and myofiber in terms of complexity.
8. What is one major intersection between the muscular system and the nervous
system?
9. What are involuntary muscle spasms? Give an example of an involuntary
muscle spasm.
10.Explain what happens to muscles when they are exposed to cold. Explain what
happens when they are exposed to heat.
11. What is unique about skeletal muscular tissue cells?
12.What function is shared by both the skeletal system and the muscular system?
13.What characteristics do anatomists use when naming muscles
1. The three types of muscle tissues are skeletal muscle, found attached to bones; cardiac muscle, found in the heart; and smooth muscle, found in the walls of internal organs.
2. The four stages of the sliding filament theory are excitation, coupling, contraction, and relaxation.
3. The Latin terms when talking about muscles generally refer to size or location. For example, major means large, minimus means small, longus means long, and brevis means short.
4. The cells that link the muscular system to the nerve system are motor neurons.
5. Estaban's "visceral" reaction to seeing a dead insect means that his reaction is involuntary and instinctual.
6. Sarcomere is a unit of muscle structure, neurotransmitter is a chemical signal, motor neuron is a nerve cell that stimulates muscle fibers, and myofibril is a muscle fiber structure.
7. Sarcomere is the simplest unit, followed by myofilaments (actin and myosin) which make up the sarcomere, then myofiber which is a bundle of muscle cells.
8. One major intersection between the muscular system and the nervous system is the neuromuscular junction where nerves connect to muscle fibers.
9. Involuntary muscle spasms are uncontrollable muscle contractions. An example is a charley horse or cramp.
10. When muscles are exposed to cold, they can stiffen and become less flexible. When exposed to heat, muscles can relax and become more pliable.
11. Skeletal muscular tissue cells are unique in that they are long, multinucleated, and striated.
12. Both the skeletal system and the muscular system have the function of movement.
13. Anatomists use characteristics such as size, shape, location, number of origins and insertions, and specific functions when naming muscles.