Who is considered the first leader of the modern Zionist movement

Theodor Herzl is considered the first leader of the modern Zionist movement. He was an Austrian journalist and writer who is credited with founding the political ideology of Zionism and advocating for the establishment of a Jewish state in the Land of Israel. Herzl organized the First Zionist Congress in 1897 and wrote the book "Der Judenstaat" (The Jewish State) which outlined his vision for a Jewish homeland.