Explain how you created your new cladogram, and:
identify which derived characters were homologies or analogies
explain the evolutionary history of the organisms shown by your tree
explain how you used new evidence to revise your cladogram.
To create my new cladogram, I first gathered information on the physical characteristics and genetic relationships of the organisms I wanted to analyze. I then compared these traits to determine which were shared derived characters and which were primitive characters. Based on these comparisons, I constructed a branching diagram that showed the evolutionary relationships between the organisms.
In my cladogram, I identified certain derived characters as homologies and others as analogies. Homologies are traits that are shared due to shared ancestry, while analogies are traits that are similar in appearance but not due to shared ancestry. For example, if two organisms share a specific bone structure because they inherited it from a common ancestor, that would be a homology. On the other hand, if two organisms independently evolved similar color patterns for camouflage in their respective environments, that would be an analogy.
The evolutionary history depicted in my cladogram shows the relationships between the organisms based on their shared derived characters. The organisms closer together on the branches of the tree share more recent common ancestors, while those further apart diverged from their common ancestor earlier in evolutionary history.
I used new evidence to revise my cladogram by incorporating more recent genetic data or anatomical discoveries that shed light on the evolutionary relationships between the organisms. By integrating this new information, I was able to make more accurate assessments of the evolutionary history and relationships depicted in the cladogram.