You studied literary works from the Romantic Period, the Victorian Age, and the modern era. Describe the common themes from each era. Then explain the main elements of the historical context that contributed to the themes in each era.
The Romantic Period, which began in the late 18th century and lasted until the mid-19th century, focused on themes such as nature, emotion, and individualism. Writers during this time emphasized the beauty and power of nature, often using it as a metaphor for human emotions and experiences. They also explored the inner emotional lives of individuals, valuing personal expression and sentimentality. The Romantic writers often rebelled against the strict societal norms of their time, championing the idea of individual freedom and self-expression.
The historical context of the Romantic Period was marked by industrialization, urbanization, and social unrest. The rapid changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution led to a growing sense of alienation and disillusionment among many people. This era also saw the rise of political movements such as liberalism and socialism, as well as increasing interest in nationalism and the rights of oppressed groups.
Moving on to the Victorian Age, which spanned from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, common themes included morality, social class, gender roles, and progress. Victorian writers often explored the complexities of moral dilemmas and the struggle between duty and desire. They also delved into issues of social class and the inequalities that existed in Victorian society, as well as the expectations and restrictions placed on individuals based on their gender.
The historical context of the Victorian Age was characterized by Queen Victoria's reign and the ideals of the Victorian era, which emphasized duty, respectability, and societal progress. This period was marked by the expansion of the British Empire, the growth of the middle class, and various social reforms aimed at improving working conditions and living standards for the poor.
Finally, in the modern era, which began in the early 20th century and continues to the present day, common themes include alienation, disillusionment, and the fragmentation of identity. Modern writers often depicted the sense of alienation and disconnection experienced by individuals living in a rapidly changing and uncertain world. They also explored the fragmentation of identity, often questioning the stability of traditional notions of self and reality.
The historical context of the modern era is shaped by events such as World Wars I and II, the Great Depression, and the rise of mass media and technology. These events led to a sense of disillusionment and uncertainty for many people, as well as a questioning of traditional beliefs and institutions. The modern era is also marked by cultural movements such as postmodernism, which challenge the idea of a single, universal truth and value subjective experience and interpretation.