Which of the following describes how the northern south differ after the civil war ended?
1. The northern states experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth, while the southern states struggled to adapt to the end of slavery and the loss of their agricultural economy.
2. The northern states had more stable governments and institutions, while the southern states faced political turmoil and Reconstruction efforts.
3. The northern states had a more diverse and urban population, while the southern states remained largely rural and agricultural.
4. The northern states had a stronger sense of national identity and loyalty to the Union, while the southern states continued to hold on to notions of states' rights and Confederate heritage.