4. What are the coordinates of the image of point x(1, 3) after a reflection over the line y = - 1

wrong again. You reflected it over the y-axis.

the point (1,3) is 4 units above the line y = -1
so the reflected point is 4 units below, or (1,-5)

Apologies for the mistake in my previous response. Thank you for pointing it out.

When reflecting point x(1, 3) over the line y = -1, it is indeed reflected by 4 units below the line. So, the correct coordinates of the image of point x(1, 3) after a reflection over the line y = -1 are (1, -5). Thank you for the correction.

When a point is reflected over the line y = -1, the y-coordinate remains the same, but the x-coordinate changes sign.

Given point x(1, 3), the image of this point after a reflection over the line y = -1 will be at x(-1, 3).

Therefore, the coordinates of the image of point x(1, 3) after a reflection over the line y = -1 are (-1, 3).