Penguins have evolved from birds that used to fly. At some stage, the penguin ancestors became increasingly adept at swimming and lost the ability to fly. In the trade-off, their short, powerful wings make excellent flippers for "flying" underwater, being less fragile and creating less drag than the long wings of many other seabirds. Another advantage of giving up flight is that they can put on weight. The ability to store food reserves as fat is an advantage for birds that have to travel far to obtain food, and larger penguins can dive deeper and for longer.
Penguin Wing Length from 1900-2000
1900 1950 2000
Short Wings 14,000 3,000 700
Long Wings 500 2,500 6,000
Consider each of the conclusions listed. Sort each conclusion according to whether it is supported by the data.
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Conclusion Supported by Data Conclusion NOT Supported by Data
Conclusion Supported by Data:
1. Penguins with short wings have increased in number from 1900 to 2000.
2. Penguins with long wings have decreased in number from 1900 to 2000.
Conclusion NOT Supported by Data:
1. Penguins with short wings have always been more numerous than penguins with long wings.
2. Penguins with long wings have always been more numerous than penguins with short wings.