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Henry Bessemer
British engineer who independently developed a new process for making steel from iron. He patented this process in 1856
Alfred Nobel
a Swedish chemist who in 1866, invented dynamite, which is an explosive that is much safer than others that were used at the time
Michael Faraday
an English chemist who created the first simple electric motor and the first dynamo
Dynamo
a machine that generates electricity that was invented by Michael Faraday
Thomas Edison
an American inventor that made the first electric light bulb and phonograph
Interchangeable Parts
identical components that could be used in place of one another. They simplified the assembly and repair of products
Assembly Lines
A new way of production where workers would add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one working station to the next
Orville and Wilbur Wright
the American brothers designed and flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
Guglielmo Marconi
an Italian pioneer who invented the radio in the 1890s. In 1901, he received a radio message using Morse Code sent from Britain to Canada
stocks
shares in their companies that go to investors
Corporations
businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock.
Cartel
an association to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets
Germ Theory
A speculation that certain microbes might cause specific infectious diseases
Louis Pasteur
a French chemist that clearly showed the link between microbes and disease. He also discovered a process called pasteurization that killed disease-carrying microbes in milk
Robert Koch
a German doctor who identified the bacterium that caused tuberculosis, a respiratory disease that claimed about 30 million human lives in the 1800s
Florence Nightingale
a British nurse who insisted on having better hygiene in field hospitals. After war, she worked to introduce sanitary measures in British hospitals
Joseph Lister- (think Listerine)
an English surgeon who discovered how antiseptics prevented infection. He insisted that surgeons sterilize their instruments and wash their hands before operating.
Urban Renewal
rebuilding of the poor areas of a city
Mutual-aid societies
self-help groups to aid sick and injured workers
Standard living
measures the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in a society
Cult of domesticity
it idealized the idea of women staying in homes and not working
Temperance Movement
a campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
sided against slavery before organizing a movement for women's rights
Women's suffrage
a woman's right to vote that emerged in the late 1800s
Sojourner Truth
an African American suffragist who is famous for her speech "Ain't I a woman"
John Dalton
he developed modern atomic theory and showed how different kinds of atoms combine to make all chemical substances.
Charles Darwin
a British naturalist who published, On the Origin of Species. He argued that all forms of life, including human beings, had evolved into their present state over millions of years
Racism
an unscientific belief that one racial group is superior to another
Social Gospel
a movement that urged Christians to social service. They campaigned for reforms in housing, healthcare, and education
William Wordsworth
an English poet who wrote about the beauty of a sunset
William Blake
was an English poet, painter, and print maker. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age
Romanticism
an artistic style emphasizing imagination, freedom, and emotion.
Lord Byron
a larger-than-life figure equal to those he created. Public interest in his poetry and adventures was so great that moody, isolated romantic heroes came to be described as "Byronic"
Victor Hugo
he recreated France's past novels like The Three Musketeers a The Hunchback of Notre Dame
Ludwig van Beethoven
he combined classical forms with a stirring range of soul. He was the first composer to take full advantage of the broad range of instruments in the modern orchestra.
Realism
a new artistic movement in the mid 1800s that took hold in the West. It was an attempt to represent the world as it was
Charles Dickens
an English novelist that vividly portrayed the lives of slum dwellers and factory workers, including children
Gustave Courbet
a French realist painter who said "I cannot paint an angel because I have never seen one"
Louis Daguerre
improved on earlier technologies to produce successful photographs (Daguerreotypes)
Impressionism
a new movement that took root in Paris, the capital of the Western art world
Claude Monet
an impressionist who brushed strokes of color side by side without any blending
Vincent van Gogh
a post impressionist artist who experimented with sharp brush lines and bright colors. They created a dreamlike quality to everyday subjects
Wright Brothers
plane
Henry Ford
inventor of the Henry Ford Car and assembly line
Henry Bessemer
British engineer who independently developed a new process for making steel from iron. He patented this process in 1856
Alfred Nobel
a Swedish chemist who in 1866, invented dynamite, which is an explosive that is much safer than others that were used at the time
Michael Faraday
an English chemist who created the first simple electric motor and the first dynamo
Dynamo
a machine that generates electricity that was invented by Michael Faraday
Thomas Edison
an American inventor that made the first electric light bulb and phonograph
Interchangeable Parts
identical components that could be used in place of one another. They simplified the assembly and repair of products
Assembly Lines
A new way of production where workers would add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one working station to the next
Orville and Wilbur Wright
the American brothers designed and flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
Guglielmo Marconi
an Italian pioneer who invented the radio in the 1890s. In 1901, he received a radio message using Morse Code sent from Britain to Canada
stocks
shares in their companies that go to investors
Corporations
businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock.
Cartel
an association to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets
Germ Theory
A speculation that certain microbes might cause specific infectious diseases
Louis Pasteur
a French chemi