How does decreasing the concentation of a substance affect the reaction rate?

the reaction rate increases
the reation rate decreases
the reaction rate is unchanged

It depends on the specific reaction and the role of the substance in the reaction. In general, decreasing the concentration of a reactant will typically decrease the reaction rate, as there are fewer particles available to collide and react with each other. However, in some cases, decreasing the concentration of a substance may have no effect on the reaction rate if it is not a limiting reagent or if it is not directly involved in the rate-determining step of the reaction.