what can disrupt the reader's ability to understand an author's writing

1. Complex or technical language that is difficult to understand.

2. Lack of clarity or organization in the writing.
3. Use of jargon or specialized terminology without explanation.
4. Ambiguous or unclear phrasing that can lead to confusion.
5. Inconsistent or illogical arguments that do not flow logically.
6. Lack of context or background information that is necessary for understanding the writing.
7. Overuse of complex sentences or lengthy paragraphs that can overwhelm the reader.
8. Cultural or historical references that are unfamiliar to the reader.
9. Poor grammar, spelling, or punctuation that can distract from the meaning of the writing.
10. Contradictory or conflicting information that can cause confusion or misunderstanding.