1.5.2 what is the temperature variance (difference) between the urban and the rural.
1.5.3 with reference to the inforgraphic, give two ways in which cities contribute to an urban heart island.
1.5.4 why are rural areas cooler than urban areas?
1.5.5 discuss sustainable strategies to reduce the effects of an urban heat island
1.5.2 The temperature variance between urban and rural areas can be significant, with urban areas often being several degrees warmer than rural areas. This is due to factors such as the heat generated by buildings, vehicles, and industry, as well as the lack of green spaces and cooling vegetation in urban areas.
1.5.3 Two ways in which cities contribute to an urban heat island effect are through the heat absorbed and radiated by buildings and roads, and the lack of vegetation and green spaces to provide cooling shade and moisture. Additionally, the concentration of people, vehicles, and industry in cities can also contribute to increased heat generation.
1.5.4 Rural areas are cooler than urban areas primarily due to the presence of vegetation, trees, and open spaces that provide shade and evaporative cooling. Rural areas also typically have less heat generated by buildings and infrastructure, as well as lower levels of air pollution which can trap heat in urban areas.
1.5.5 Sustainable strategies to reduce the effects of an urban heat island include increasing green spaces and vegetation in cities, promoting the use of reflective materials on buildings and surfaces to reduce heat absorption, implementing cool roof technologies, and encouraging the use of energy-efficient building designs and materials. Other strategies include creating green roofs and walls, implementing urban forestry initiatives, and improving public transportation to reduce reliance on cars and decrease heat-generating emissions. Additionally, incorporating sustainable urban planning and design principles can help reduce the heat island effect and create more resilient cities.