The scatter plot shows the relationship between the test scores of a group of students and the number of hours they study in a week:
On a grid, Label Hours Studying on x axis and Test Scores on y axis. The title of the graph is Test Scores and Hours Studying. The scale on the x axis shows the numbers from 0 to 10 at increments of 1, and the scale on the y axis shows numbers from 0 to 100 at increments of 10. Dots are made at the ordered pairs 1.1, 10 and 2, 25 and 3.1, 10.1 and 4, 30 and 4, 45 and 5, 45 and 6, 25 and 6.5, 60 and 7, 45 and 7.5, 50 and 7.5, 75 and 8, 60 and 8.5, 75 and 9, 60. The ordered pair 1, 100 is circled and labeled as M. All the other points are put in an oval and labeled as N.
Part A: What is the group of points labeled N called? What is the point labeled M called? Give a possible reason for the presence of point M. (5 points)
Part B: Describe the association between students' test scores and the number of hours they study. (5 points)
Part A: The group of points labeled N is called a cluster, and the point labeled M is called an outlier. The presence of an outlier like point M could be due to various reasons such as a student being exceptionally gifted or talented, an error in data recording, or external factors influencing their performance on the test.
Part B: The scatter plot shows a positive association between students' test scores and the number of hours they study. As the number of hours studying increases, the test scores also tend to increase. However, there are some variations in the data, as seen by the scattered points around the general trend line. This suggests that while studying more hours generally leads to higher test scores, there are other factors at play that can also influence the results.