what are the reasons on language continuum that were discussed by the researchers Johnsons 1968, Drummond 1980and Willemys &Bister 1989
1. Johnsons (1968) discussed how language variation exists along a continuum, where different speech varieties blend into one another rather than being discrete categories. This means that there are no clear boundaries between dialects or languages, but rather a gradual transition from one to another.
2. Drummond (1980) proposed the idea that language variation is not just a result of geographical and social factors, but also of communication needs and individual idiosyncrasies. This suggests that language change and development are influenced by a variety of factors, rather than just external forces.
3. Willemys & Bister (1989) suggested that languages can be seen as existing on a spectrum, with some languages being closer to one another in terms of linguistic features and mutual intelligibility. This emphasizes the idea that languages are not fixed entities, but can evolve and change over time.