. It often plays a key role in preparing the environment for other plant and animal species to establish themselves. These species are typically hardy and can tolerate harsh conditions such as high levels of sunlight, extreme temperatures, or poor soil quality. As they grow and reproduce, they help to stabilize the soil, improve nutrient levels, and create microclimates that make the area more habitable for other species. Over time, pioneer species are replaced by more competitive plants and animals that are better adapted to the new conditions created by the pioneers.
