how to make an cladogram
A cladogram is a diagram that shows the relationships between different groups of organisms. To create a cladogram, you can follow these steps:
1. Choose the groups of organisms you want to include in your cladogram. These groups should have common characteristics that you want to compare.
2. Create a list of characteristics that you will use to compare the organisms in each group. These characteristics can be physical traits, genetic information, behavior, or any other relevant information.
3. Collect data on the organisms in each group, and determine the presence or absence of each characteristic for each organism.
4. Based on the data you have collected, create a matrix or table that shows the presence or absence of each characteristic for each organism.
5. Use the data from the matrix to create a branching diagram that shows the relationships between the groups of organisms. Start with a single line at the bottom representing the common ancestor, and branch out to show how the groups are related based on their shared characteristics.
6. Label each branch of the diagram with the characteristics that define that group of organisms.
7. Add lines connecting the branches to show how the groups are related to each other and to the common ancestor.
8. You can further refine and revise your cladogram as you gather more data or as new information becomes available.
Overall, creating a cladogram involves careful data collection, analysis, and interpretation to show the evolutionary relationships between different groups of organisms.
so do i put the number of positive ones for the one ebove it
In a cladogram, you do not typically indicate the number of positive characteristics for each group of organisms. Instead, the branching patterns and relationships are based on the presence or absence of shared characteristics between the different groups.
Each branch in the cladogram represents a group of organisms that share a common ancestor and certain characteristics. The branching points represent where a new characteristic or trait evolved in the organisms' evolutionary history.
When creating a cladogram, you should focus on identifying the presence or absence of key characteristics that define each group, rather than quantifying the number of positive traits. By analyzing these shared characteristics, you can construct a visual representation that illustrates the evolutionary relationships between different groups of organisms.