Use the Three-Column Chart to organize your facts about each civilization. Put your name at the top of the chart. Complete the chart by filling in the first column with the following information:
Government: What was the structure and what were the main principles of each civilization's government?
Arts: What contributions or achievements did each civilization make in visual art, science, architecture, literature, theater, and medicine?
Economics: How did the civilizations grow and prosper?
Religion: What were the common religious practices? What was the government’s role in religion?
See the table for an example. Use your textbook or other reliable resources to answer the questions. Responses to questions should be in complete sentences. They should also follow conventional guidelines for spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Make sure to cite your sources in the chart. Note that not all parts of the chart will apply to each civilization.
|Name: John Smith|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Civilization: Ancient Egypt |
| **Government:** | The government of Ancient Egypt was a monarchy ruled by pharaohs. The pharaoh was considered a god-king and had absolute power. The government was highly centralized and hierarchical, with various officials and administrative divisions. |
| **Arts:** | Ancient Egypt made significant contributions to visual art, architecture, and literature. They are known for their grand pyramids, intricate hieroglyphics, and colorful murals. The Egyptians also developed advanced medical knowledge, such as in dentistry and surgery. |
| **Economics:** | The economy of Ancient Egypt was based on agriculture, particularly the cultivation of wheat and barley along the Nile River. They also engaged in trade with other civilizations, exporting goods such as papyrus, linen, and precious metals. The government collected taxes in the form of crops and labor from the people. |
| **Religion:** | Religion played a central role in Ancient Egyptian society. They worshipped many gods and goddesses, such as Ra, Osiris, and Isis. The pharaoh was seen as a divine ruler and a representative of the gods on earth. The government built temples and monuments to honor the gods and conducted elaborate rituals and ceremonies. |
| Sources: National Geographic, Ancient History Encyclopedia |
| Civilization: Ancient Greece |
| **Government:** | Ancient Greece had a complex system of government that evolved over time. They were known for being the first democracy, where citizens participated in decision-making in the Assembly. They also had oligarchies in some city-states, where power was held by a small group of elites. |
| **Arts:** | Ancient Greece made significant contributions to visual art, architecture, literature, and theater. They are famous for their sculptures, such as the statue of Zeus at Olympia and the Parthenon in Athens. Greek literature, including epic poems like the Iliad and the Odyssey, has had a lasting impact. They also pioneered theater, with playwrights like Aeschylus and Sophocles. |
| **Economics:** | The economy of Ancient Greece was based on agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship. They traded goods such as olives, olive oil, wine, and pottery with other civilizations. Some city-states, like Athens, also had a strong maritime trade network. The government collected taxes, but citizens also paid for services like defense and infrastructure. |
| **Religion:** | Ancient Greek religion was polytheistic, with gods and goddesses like Zeus, Athena, and Apollo. The government played a role in religion, with temples and festivals dedicated to the gods. The Oracle at Delphi, a priestess of Apollo, was consulted by leaders for advice and guidance. |
| Sources: Encyclopedia Britannica, Ancient Greece.org |