1. Define computer organization and architecture
2. Add +13 and -9 using two's complement
3. List any four key characteristics of memory system
4. State any two differences between a RAM and ROM
1. Computer organization refers to the way a computer system is structured and the design principles that govern that structure, such as the arrangement of hardware components and their interconnections. Computer architecture, on the other hand, specifies the behavior of a computer system as seen by the software, including the instruction set, data formats, and addressing modes.
2. To add +13 and -9 using two's complement:
- Convert +13 to binary: 13 = 00001101
- Convert -9 to binary in two's complement: 9 = 00001001 (inverted bits + 1 = 11110111)
- Adding the two binary numbers:
00001101
+ 11110111
-----------
10000000
- Convert the result back to decimal: 10000000 = -128
3. Four key characteristics of a memory system:
- Capacity: The amount of data that can be stored in the memory.
- Speed: The time it takes for the CPU to access data in the memory.
- Volatility: Whether the data is retained when power is removed.
- Latency: The time it takes for the memory to respond to a request for data.
4. Differences between RAM and ROM:
- RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile and is used for temporary data storage, while ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile and used for permanent data storage.
- RAM is read/write memory, meaning that data can be both read and written to it, while ROM is read-only memory, meaning that data can only be read from it and not written to.