Why did Southern states use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as Reconstruction came to an end?

(1 point)
Responses

to maintain Republican control of state governments
to maintain Republican control of state governments
to keep poor white Southerners from voting
to keep poor white Southerners from voting
to keep African Americans from voting
to keep African Americans from voting
to ensure voters would remain loyal to the Union

to keep African Americans from voting