1. Why are so many familiar industries oligopolies?

Many industries become oligopolies because there are high barriers to entry, such as high startup costs, established brand loyalty, and limited access to resources or distribution channels. Additionally, companies in oligopolistic industries often engage in strategic behavior to maintain their dominant positions, such as price fixing, collusion, and mergers and acquisitions. This can make it difficult for new competitors to enter the market and challenge the existing players. Ultimately, oligopolies can lead to reduced competition, increased prices for consumers, and decreased innovation in the industry.