A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has abnormally low levels of oxygen in their blood. This is primarily due to:

Group of answer choices

Increased partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary capillaries.

Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary capillaries.

Decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

Decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli.

Decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli.