11.
What main idea would be described by these headlines?
1. “Massive Factory Fire Kills 150”
2. “2 Million Child Workers”
3. “Pullman Cuts Wages”
4. “Carnegie Buys New Machines- Jobs Loss”
the need for strikebreakers
the Gospel of Wealth
Social Darwinism
the need for labor unions
12. Which titan is correctly matched with his industry? (1 point)
J. Pierpont Morgan > Oil
Andrew Carnegie > Steel
John D. Rockefeller > Banking
John Sherman > Oil
13. Why did Southern states use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as Reconstruction came to an end?
to maintain Republican control of state governments
to keep poor white Southerners from voting
to keep African Americans from voting
to ensure voters would remain loyal to the Union
14. Radical Republicans had two main goals. First, they wanted to break the power of wealthy planters who had long ruled the South. Second, they wanted to ensure that freedmen received the right to vote. They used legislative reforms, or changes in laws, to achieve their goals.
Which of the following is an example of how Radical Republicans sought to achieve their goals?
denying wealthy planters the right to vote
working to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment
developing a speedy process to readmit southern states
ensuring that African Americans could outvote their former owners
In the text, you read this about the development of railroads:
Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. Miners sweated in dusty mine shafts digging coal to fuel railroad engines. The railroad companies themselves employed thousands of workers. They laid tracks, built trestles across rivers, carved tunnels through mountains, and built countless railroad stations.
The large railroads also pioneered new ways of managing business. Rail companies created special departments for shipping and accounting and for servicing equipment. Expert managers headed each department, while chains of command ensured that the organization ran smoothly. Other big businesses soon copied these management techniques.
Use the passage to answer the question.
15. Why would it be important for railroads to use strong management techniques?
to ensure a complex business ran smoothly
to create more growth in other industries
to continue to employ thousands of people
to create more railways across the country
16. Which factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership?
wheat prices declined
spikes in railroad prices
variances in freight costs
farms faced severe drought
17. Why did conflict erupt between President Johnson and Congress after Lincoln’s assassination?
Southern Congressmen agreed with President Johnson's Radical Reconstruction Plan.
Republicans disagreed with President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan.
Southern conservatives enacted the black codes against Congress’ wishes.
Neither Congress nor the President wanted a Joint Committee on Reconstruction to dictate the plan.
The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefold—from 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. Many were recent immigrants.
My folks came to the United States from Sweden in 1866; landed in New York, then came to Omaha. When they got to Omaha they had $5.00 in American money, no job, and couldn't speak a word of English….Then they both got work on the new Union Pacific railroad from Omaha to Laramie City. Father worked on the road and mother cooked and washed for twenty-two men, for nine months; when they got back to Omaha they had $900.00 saved up.
-"Mrs. Will H. Berger" November 21, 1938. Interviewer, Edna B Pearson, American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1940
Use the passage to answer the question.
18. Based on the account of Mrs. Berger, how did the transcontinental railroads impact the West?
The railroads provided jobs for settlers.
The railroads provided homes for employees.
The railroads made Omaha an industrial center.
The railroads helped immigrants learn English.