Why are invasive species such a huge threat to ecosystems?

a. Invasive species provide no added benefit or diversity to the ecosystem
b. Invasive species are impossible to control once they are introduced and spread rapidly
c. Invasive species can replace native species, forcing their migration out of the area
d. Invasive species can do intense damage, so much so that ecosystems may not be able to recover

e. All of the above

Invasive species are a huge threat to ecosystems because they often outcompete native species for resources, disrupt the natural balance of an ecosystem, and can cause irreversible damage. They can introduce diseases, parasites, and predators that native species have no defense against. Invasive species can also alter habitats, change food webs, and reduce biodiversity. Once introduced, invasive species can be extremely difficult to control and eradicate, leading to long-term negative impacts on the environment.